SQL Mathematical Functions – ROUND, CEIL, FLOOR, MOD, ABS

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💻 Introduction

SQL Mathematical functions allow you to perform numeric calculations easily. Functions like ROUND, CEIL, FLOOR, MOD, and ABS are widely used in reporting, calculations, and data cleaning.

1️⃣ ROUND – Rounding Numbers

The ROUND function rounds a number to a specified number of decimal places.

SELECT ROUND(123.4567, 2) AS RoundedValue;
-- Output → 123.46

2️⃣ CEIL – Smallest Integer Greater Than or Equal

The CEIL (or CEILING) function returns the smallest integer greater than or equal to a number.

SELECT CEIL(123.45) AS CeilValue;
-- Output → 124

3️⃣ FLOOR – Largest Integer Less Than or Equal

The FLOOR function returns the largest integer less than or equal to a number.

SELECT FLOOR(123.95) AS FloorValue;
-- Output → 123

4️⃣ MOD – Remainder After Division

The MOD function returns the remainder of a number divided by another number.

SELECT MOD(10, 3) AS ModValue;
-- Output → 1

5️⃣ ABS – Absolute Value

The ABS function returns the absolute (positive) value of a number.

SELECT ABS(-123.45) AS AbsoluteValue;
-- Output → 123.45
Tip: Use mathematical functions for financial reports, percentages, rounding amounts, and handling numeric comparisons.

✅ Key Takeaways

  • ROUND → Round to decimals
  • CEIL → Round up
  • FLOOR → Round down
  • MOD → Get remainder
  • ABS → Get absolute value

📘 Quick Reference – Common SQL Mathematical Functions

Function Description Example Result
ROUND(x, d) Rounds x to d decimal places ROUND(123.456, 2) 123.46
CEIL(x) Smallest integer ≥ x CEIL(7.2) 8
FLOOR(x) Largest integer ≤ x FLOOR(7.8) 7
MOD(a, b) Remainder of a ÷ b MOD(10, 3) 1
ABS(x) Absolute value of x ABS(-15) 15

📚 Continue Learning

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